Cold plasma, also known as non-equilibrium plasma, is the plasma where the individual constituents each have different temperatures, with electrons being at a higher temperature of more than 10,000 K, with the neutral atoms being at room temperature. When cold plasma reacts with an open or controlled environment, it produces many reactive species that can be used in a number of scientific chemical reactions. Cold plasma finds application in a number of areas such as biomedicine, food industry and environmental sciences, among others.
The rise in the number of hospital admissions across the globe, leading to subsequent increase of hospital acquired infections (HAIs), is a major factor in the high demand for the cold plasma market. According to CDC estimates for American hospitals, HAIs account for an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 associated deaths each year, with the prevalence of HAIs in 1 out of 31 patients every day; moreover, according to the WHO, out of 100 hospitalized patients at any given point of time, 10 patients in developing countries and 7 in developed ones acquire at least 1 HAI. Cold plasma is very effective in deactivating antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.
An important property of cold plasma is the ability to kill bacteria and prevent infection, while it also helps in accelerating the healing process in patients, thus lessening patient discomfort and hospital stay. An article in the National Library of Medicine states that the UK sees 4.5 million patients in Europe annually suffer from hospital acquired infections, on account of the rising number of multi-resistant micro-organisms. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma has shown antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral properties, which is expected to aid market growth.
Cold plasma has been found to be effective in cases of chronic wounds and burns, as well as in the cases of non-healing wounds. The rising prevalence of diabetes, anemia and cancer is a factor in the large number of cases of non-healing wounds, with 4 million people in Europe suffering from these wounds each year. Burn injuries can be treated directly using cold plasma, as it generates free radicals which prevent wound infection. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) published a research in 2017, wherein a patient suffering with two second-degree burns was treated with cold plasma, which healed the itching and pain and presented new tissue after a second treatment. Such results can potentially expand the cold plasma market in new directions in the coming years.
In terms of pressure type, the cold plasma market has been segmented into low-pressure cold plasma and atmospheric pressure cold plasma. The cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) segment is expected to show fastest growth in the market in coming years, on account of its widespread use in healthcare applications such as biofilm removal, surface decontamination, infection control, wound healing, and burn treatment, as well as various surgical and non-surgical procedures. Moreover, developments in cancerous cell treatments are also expected to aid in the segment growth.
Based on application, the cold plasma market is segmented into wound healing, blood coagulation, dentistry and cancer treatment, among other medical applications. The wound healing segment accounts for the largest market share, as cold plasma accelerates wound healing process by inactivating multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Cancer treatment is another area that holds positive growth for the market in the near future, as cold plasma has shown effectiveness in the pre-clinical model of skin, brain, lung, breast, bladder, head, and neck cancer.
Region-wise, the cold plasma market accounts for a substantial market share, due to the presence of various major industry players, coupled with availability of various FDA-approved products. The continued technological advancements, along with the high prevalence of cancer cases in the region, is also abetting market growth. According to the National Cancer Institute, the US is expected to witness 606,520 deaths due to cancer in 2020, which calls for advancements in cancer treatment techniques, on of which is cold atmospheric pressure plasma. Europe is expected to remain an attractive market, on account of the high prevalence of HAIs in the region; Asia Pacific is also expected to show substantial market growth, with the rapid developments in treatment procedures and the ever-expanding medical tourism sector.
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Recent Trends and Developments
The global COVID-19 outbreak has led to medical institutions facing shortage of medical equipment, which necessitates the reuse of such products. With this aim, an engineering team at the George Washington University has undertaken the development of a ‘plasma brush’ that can decontaminate protective masks, gloves and other necessary gear for reuse. The development builds on the use of cold plasma for cancer treatment, and is expected to cleanse equipment, surfaces and even small-space airflow. Such advances can boost the market growth for cold plasma in the coming months.
A plasma medicine research carried out in May 2020 by researchers from Penn State's College of Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and College of Medicine established the effectiveness of direct LTP treatment and plasma-activated media against bacteria found in liquid culture. The team also has applied its findings to design a system that can create plasma directly in liquids, and specifically blood, in order to combat cardiovascular infections at the source. These findings are expected to widen the scope of the cold plasma market.
In January 2020, a surgical team at The Chaim Sheba Medical Center in Tel HaShomer, Israel, with coordination by US Medical Innovations, LLC (USMI), successfully used the Canady Helios™ Cold Plasma Scalpel (CHCPS) for a rare advanced reoccurring inoperable retroperitoneal sarcoma. The CHCPS specifically eradicates microscopic remnants of cancer cells while sparing normal cells and tissue. The patient in question was a 33-year-old man with a rare inoperable Retroperitoneal Sarcoma. The device underwent further clinical trials in February 2020.
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